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The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings (alisphenoid) unite. Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, which serve as the origins of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, respectively. The medial pterygoid, along with the masseter allows the jaw to move in a vertical direction as it contracts and relaxes. The lateral pterygoid allows the jaw to move in a horizontal direction during mastication. Fracture of either plate are used in clinical medicine to distinguish the Le Fort fracture classification for high impact injuries to the sphenoid and maxillary bones. The superior portion of the pterygoid processes are fused anteriorly; a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion. The plates are separated below by an angular cleft, the pterygoid fissure (or pterygoid notch), the margins of which are rough for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The two plates diverge behind and enclose between them a V-shaped fossa, the pterygoid fossa, which contains pterygoideus internus and tensor veli palatini. Above this fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the tensor veli palatini. The anterior surface of the pterygoid process is broad and triangular near its root, where it forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and presents the anterior orifice of the pterygoid canal. In many mammals it remains as a separate bone called the pterygoid bone. Its name is Greek for "resembling a fin or wing", from its shape. ==Additional images== File:Gray187.png|Base of skull. Inferior surface. File:Pterygoid medial plate.jpg|Pterygoid medial plate File:Pterygoid lateral plate.jpg|Pterygoid lateral plate 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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